In the editor and uploads

Any screen that opens the standard WordPress media window (block editor, featured image, Elementor and other builders) has a Folder drop-down above the files. Files uploaded from there go to the folder you have selected. The same choice appears on Media > Add New.

In Folders > Settings you can choose the default folder for uploads made without a selection, whether the tree starts open, and whether counters are shown. The tree remembers the selected folder, the open branches and its width for each user.

Note: files uploaded straight into the block editor's image block (without opening the media window) use the default folder from the settings.